Rheumatoid Arthritis vs. Osteoarthritis: What’s the Difference?

Determining whether joint pain is due to osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) hinges on recognizing their distinct characteristics and symptoms. OA, often associated with aging, results from wear and tear of the cartilage, leading to joint pain primarily during or after movement and tends to affect the hands, knees, hips, and spine. Symptoms generally focus on one set of joints and intensify over time. Conversely, RA is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing inflammation and pain. It can occur at any age and typically affects joints symmetrically (for example, both knees or both hands), often with symptoms like morning stiffness lasting longer than thirty minutes, generalized fatigue, and warm, swollen joints. While a physical examination and patient history are crucial, definitive diagnosis may require blood tests for specific markers and imaging studies to observe the extent of joint damage, helping differentiate between OA and RA.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by five primary symptoms that significantly impact the quality of life of those affected. First, joint pain, often aggravated by movement and alleviated with rest, is a telltale symptom, primarily impacting areas like the hands, knees, hips, and spine. Secondly, stiffness, particularly noted in the morning or after periods of inactivity, can limit mobility but typically eases with movement. Thirdly, a loss of flexibility may be observed, where the affected joint does not move through its full range of motion. Fourth, individuals may notice swelling around the joints, caused by a combination of soft tissue inflammation and excess joint fluid. Lastly, a distinctive symptom of OA is the presence of a crunching feeling or the sound of bone rubbing on bone, known as crepitus, which occurs due to the breakdown of cartilage in the joints.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progresses through four stages, each marked by increasing severity and specific characteristics. In the first stage, swelling of the synovial lining causes joint pain and stiffness without causing visible damage to the joint. The second stage is characterized by a rapid division and growth of cells, or “pannus,” which leads to thickening of the synovium and can result in cartilage damage, although the joint’s bone might remain unaffected. By the third stage, the inflammation caused by the pannus starts to erode the cartilage and eventually, the bone, causing deformities and significantly reducing the joint’s functionality. The fourth and final stage is marked by fibrosis, where the inflamed synovium is converted into scar tissue, leading to immobility of the joint and potential fusion of the joint bones, significantly impacting the patient’s quality of life due to loss of mobility and increased pain. At each stage, symptoms and damage become more pronounced, necessitating early diagnosis and comprehensive management to slow progression and preserve joint function.

Identifying the specific type of arthritis you have is crucial for effective treatment and management. At Nasseri Clinic of Arthritic and Rheumatologic Disorders, we employ a personalized approach, combining a detailed patient history, physical examinations, and advanced diagnostic tools to accurately diagnose your condition. Whether you’re experiencing symptoms of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or another form of arthritis, our team is dedicated to providing you with the clarity and care you need. If you’re concerned about your symptoms and their impact on your life, don’t hesitate to reach out. You can contact us or book an appointment online to begin your journey toward relief and better joint health. Your well-being is our priority, and we are here to support you every step of the way. We serve patients from Catonsville MD, Glen Burnie MD, Columbia MD, Baltimore MD, North Baltimore MD, Rosedale MD, Edgewater MD, Hebbville MD, Woodlawn MD, Pasadena MD, Jacobsville MD, Ellicott City MD, Laurel MD, Dundalk MD, Halethorpe MD, Overlea MD, Parkville MD, Riva MD, Annapolis MD, Ferndale MD, and surrounding areas.